Macular Degeneration

Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the United States, and it is caused by changes that develop in the macula. The macula is the most visually sensitive portion of the retina, and is responsible for clear, sharp central vision and is the most sensitive to color. There are two forms of Macular Degeneration. The first and most common is Dry Macular Degeneration. The dry form generally causes a slow and gradual loss of central visual acuity. It may appear initially as though there is a smudge on your glasses that cannot be cleaned off, or straight lines may develop a wavy or distorted appearance. Vision loss may be subtle and not cause significant problems, or there can be a drastic decrease in central acuity over the years. Although there is no treatment for Dry Macular Degeneration, research indicates certain vitamins and minerals may help prevent or at least slow the progression of the disease process. The second, and less common form of Macular Degeneration is the wet form, which is caused when the macular tissue becomes damaged to the point where abnormal blood vessels from the underlying choroid grow and hemorrhage within the layers of the central retina. Scar tissue eventually forms in the area, leading to a large blind spot. If detected early enough, laser treatment may help to slow or stop its progression. Approximately 10% of patients with Dry Macular Degeneration will develop the wet form, and in either case, total blindness will never be the result because Macular Degeneration affects only central vision. Vision devices such as magnifiers and telescopes may be prescribed to enhance the remaining vision.